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Protect your brain and memory: memory and focus

Memory, thinking and dementia risk. What people try, how far the research on each has got, and the products that contain them.

What people try

4Getting enough sleepStage 4 · Widely recommended · FreeSleep is a natural process that helps your body restore energy, supports learning and memory, and keeps you healthy.Main risk: Sleep deprivation makes the effect of alcohol stronger.4ExerciseStage 4 · Widely recommended · Free, for almost everyoneExercise is anything that gets your body moving.Main risk: Using weight machines improperly can cause back injury.4Healthy eating patterns (Mediterranean, DASH, whole foods)Stage 4 · Widely recommended · Free; a change in eatingThe Mediterranean diet is a plant-focused eating plan based on the traditional foods and cooking methods of the Mediterranean region.Main risk: It says people may have lower iron levels.4GLP-1 drugsStage 4 · Widely recommended · PrescriptionGLP-1 drugs are a class of medicines used to treat type 2 diabetes by lowering blood sugar, and some are used for weight loss in people with obesity.Main risk: The semaglutide page warns that it may raise the risk of thyroid tumors, including a type of thyroid cancer.3Staying socially connectedStage 3 · Large studies in people · FreeLoneliness is the distressing feeling of being alone or separated.Main risk: The CDC says loneliness and social isolation put a person at risk of serious mental and physical health conditions.3Omega-3 fatty acidsStage 3 · Large studies in people · Food, supplements and a prescription formMost research has focused on two omega-3s called EPA and DHA.Main risk: The pages say side effects are usually mild, such as unpleasant taste, bad breath, heartburn, nausea, and diarrhea.3Plasma exchange and young plasmaStage 3 · Large studies in people · Clinics and clinical trialsReplacing part of the liquid part of the blood (plasma), either with a saline and albumin mix or with plasma from young donors.2Vitamin B12Stage 2 · Small studies in people · Over-the-counter supplement; injections by prescriptionVitamin B12 is a nutrient that helps keep blood and nerve cells healthy and helps make DNA.Main risk: The pages stress that vitamin B12 is generally considered safe, even at high doses, because the body does not store excess amounts.2Thymus regenerationStage 2 · Small studies in people · Clinical trials onlyEfforts to regrow the thymus, a gland in the chest that trains immune cells and shrinks with age.2CreatineStage 2 · Small studies in people · Over-the-counter supplementCreatine is a compound stored in your muscles that supplies them with energy.Main risk: Creatine can cause weight gain because it tends to make the body hold water, but it is otherwise considered safe for healthy adults.2Hyperbaric oxygen therapyStage 2 · Small studies in people · Hospitals and private clinicsHyperbaric oxygen therapy gives you pure oxygen in an enclosed space with higher than normal air pressure.Main risk: You might feel pressure in your ears, and they may pop afterward.2Sleep trackersStage 2 · Small studies in people · Over the counterSleep trackers are wearable devices and apps that claim to measure how long and how well you sleep.Main risk: A review of studies found wrist-worn sleep trackers are not as reliable as polysomnography, a lab sleep test, for key measures like total sleep time.2Elamipretide (SS-31)Stage 2 · Small studies in people · Prescription, approved only for Barth syndromeA small lab-made peptide that attaches to the inner wall of mitochondria, the parts of cells that make energy.2GlyNAC (glycine and NAC)Stage 2 · Small studies in people · Over-the-counter supplementsNAC is used as a drug for acetaminophen overdose and to help break up mucus.Main risk: The pages list stomach upset, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and similar problems as the common side effects of NAC.1HumaninStage 1 · Tested in animals only · Not approved; studied in labsA small peptide made from instructions in the DNA of mitochondria, studied in cells and animals for protecting the brain with age.

Products

Sorted by the best research stage of each product's ingredients, then by price. The stage describes research on the ingredient, not proof that the product works.

Supplements 32

Nature Made · gummyMultivitamin for Men GummiesVitamin D, Vitamin B123 Ingredient research: large studies in people$9.79Nature Made · tabletVitamin B12 500 mcg TabletsVitamin B12, Calcium3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$10.69ProHealth Longevity · softgelPure Krill Oil Omega-3 - 500 mg, 60 softgelsOmega-3 fatty acids3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$18.74Nordic NaturalsUltimate Omega 3 One DailyOmega-3 fatty acids3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$22.97Thorne · capsuleBasic Nutrients 2/Day - NSF Certified for SportVitamin B12, Vitamin D3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$40Thorne · softgelSuper EPA - NSF Certified for SportOmega-3 fatty acids3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$45Thorne · softgelOmega-3 with CoQ10CoQ10 (coenzyme Q10), Omega-3 fatty acids3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$55ProHealth Longevity · softgelExtra Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil - 120 softgelsOmega-3 fatty acids3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$59.95Nature Made · tabletVitamin B12 Time Release 1000 mcg TabletsVitamin B122 Ingredient research: small studies in people$11.29Garden of LifeVitamin Code Raw B-12Vitamin B122 Ingredient research: small studies in people$13.29Nature Made · gummyVitamin B12 Extra Strength GummiesVitamin B122 Ingredient research: small studies in people$13.99Nature Made · tabletVitamin B12 3000 mcg Fast Dissolve TabletsVitamin B122 Ingredient research: small studies in people$14.29Optimum Nutrition · powderMicronised Creatine PowderCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$14.99Optimum Nutrition · gummyCreatine [+]Creatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$16.99Nature Made · softgelVitamin B12 1000 mcg SoftgelsVitamin B122 Ingredient research: small studies in people$17.29ProHealth Longevity · capsulePure Glycine - 1000 mg, 120 capsulesGlyNAC (glycine and NAC)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$19.95Optimum Nutrition · powderMicronized Creatine PowderCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$20.49Nature Made · softgelVitamin B12 Maximum Strength 5000 mcg SoftgelsVitamin B122 Ingredient research: small studies in people$21.99ProHealth Longevity · capsulePure N-Acetyl Cysteine - 600 mg, 120 capsulesGlyNAC (glycine and NAC)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$22.95Vital ProteinsAdvanced Collagen Peptides + Creatine - UnflavoredCollagen peptides, Creatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$24.99Thorne · capsuleB-Complex #12Vitamin B122 Ingredient research: small studies in people$26Thorne · capsuleGlycineGlyNAC (glycine and NAC)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$31Thorne · capsuleVitamin B12 - 90 ServingsVitamin B122 Ingredient research: small studies in people$34ThorneCreatine - Travel PacksCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$36ProHealth Longevity · capsuleGlycine + NAC PackGlyNAC (glycine and NAC)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$38.95MomentousCreatine - 90 ServingsCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$42.99ThorneCreatine - 90 ServingsCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$44ProHealth Longevity · powderLongevity Creatine Pure Powder - 450 gramsCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$49.95ProHealth Longevity · powderLongevity Collagen Complete Powder - 690 gramsGlyNAC (glycine and NAC)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$59.95Thorne · capsuleNAC - N-Acetylcysteine - 180 ServingsGlyNAC (glycine and NAC)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$63Elysium HealthCreatine+Creatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$70ThorneCreatine - 180 ServingsCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$84

Devices 13

Recent research

See all the latest research →

What others are writing

Recent articles from health journalists, hospitals and universities. We link to them; we don't write or endorse them.

STAT · May 29, 2026

GLP-1 microdosing is popular, but there's little evidence it works ↗

GLP-1 drugs: A weight-loss doctor argues that microdosing GLP-1 drugs for weight loss is unsupported by legitimate long-term data.

health.harvard.edu · Maureen Salamon · Apr 15, 2026

GLP-1 drugs may lower odds of developing substance use disorders ↗

GLP-1 drugs: A study of US veterans suggests GLP-1 drugs are linked with lower risks of developing substance use disorders.

Cleveland Clinic · Mar 6, 2026

Do Sleep Trackers Actually Work? ↗

Sleep trackers: A Cleveland Clinic sleep specialist says sleep trackers estimate total sleep reasonably well but are less reliable for detailed sleep stage data.

hsph.harvard.edu · Maya Brownstein · Feb 25, 2026

GLP-1 drugs combined with healthy lifestyle habits linked with reduced cardiovascular risk among diabetes patients ↗

GLP-1 drugs: A Harvard-led study found that GLP-1 drug users who also kept healthy habits had lower cardiovascular risk among diabetes patients.

This is general information gathered from the sources listed, not medical advice. Talk to your doctor before starting anything new.