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Stay strong and mobile: muscle

Keeping muscle mass and strength. What people try, how far the research on each has got, and the products that contain them.

What people try

4Strength trainingStage 4 · Widely recommended · Free or low cost, at home or a gymStrength training, also called resistance training, is exercise that makes muscles contract, often to lift a heavy object against gravity.Main risk: The page warns that overdoing strength exercises can cause exhaustion, sore joints, and muscle pain or injury.4ExerciseStage 4 · Widely recommended · Free, for almost everyoneExercise is anything that gets your body moving.Main risk: Using weight machines improperly can cause back injury.3Protein supplementsStage 3 · Large studies in people · Over-the-counter supplementProtein is one of the more common ingredients in supplements sold to improve exercise and athletic performance.Main risk: The page says high protein intakes seem quite safe, but more than the recommended amounts gives no benefit.3Vitamin DStage 3 · Large studies in people · Over-the-counter supplementVitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin found in a few foods, added to others, sold as a supplement, and made by skin in sunlight.Main risk: Blood levels above 125 nmol/L (50 ng/mL) can be linked to harmful effects.3Testosterone therapyStage 3 · Large studies in people · PrescriptionTestosterone therapy uses man-made testosterone to treat low testosterone, and it can be given as a pill, gel, patch, injection, or implant.Main risk: The page lists several risks of this therapy, including infertility, an enlarged prostate, blood clots, and worsening heart disease.2Smart scalesStage 2 · Small studies in people · Over the counterBioelectrical impedance is one way to measure muscle mass in studies of muscle loss.2CreatineStage 2 · Small studies in people · Over-the-counter supplementCreatine is a compound stored in your muscles that supplies them with energy.Main risk: Creatine can cause weight gain because it tends to make the body hold water, but it is otherwise considered safe for healthy adults.2Elamipretide (SS-31)Stage 2 · Small studies in people · Prescription, approved only for Barth syndromeA small lab-made peptide that attaches to the inner wall of mitochondria, the parts of cells that make energy.2GlyNAC (glycine and NAC)Stage 2 · Small studies in people · Over-the-counter supplementsNAC is used as a drug for acetaminophen overdose and to help break up mucus.Main risk: The pages list stomach upset, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and similar problems as the common side effects of NAC.

Products

Sorted by the best research stage of each product's ingredients, then by price. The stage describes research on the ingredient, not proof that the product works.

Supplements 31

Nature Made · tabletCalcium 600 mg with Vitamin D3 TabletsVitamin D, Calcium3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$8.59Nature Made · gummyMultivitamin for Men GummiesVitamin D, Vitamin B123 Ingredient research: large studies in people$9.79Nature Made · softgelVitamin D3 2000 IU (50 mcg) SoftgelsVitamin D3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$10.99Nature Made · tabletVitamin D3 2000 IU (50 mcg) TabletsVitamin D, Calcium3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$11.29Nature Made · gummyVitamin D3 2000 IU (50 mcg) GummiesVitamin D3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$11.69ProHealth Longevity · capsuleVitamin D3 + K2 - 5,000 IU, 30 capsulesVitamin D3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$16.95Nature Made · gummyZero Sugar Vitamin D3 GummiesVitamin D3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$18.99Thorne · capsuleVitamin D-5,000 - NSF Certified for Sport - 60 ServingsVitamin D3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$20Thorne · liquidVitamin D + K2 LiquidVitamin D3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$34Thorne · capsuleVitamin D-5,000 - NSF Certified for Sport - 120 ServingsVitamin D3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$39Thorne · capsuleBasic Nutrients 2/Day - NSF Certified for SportVitamin B12, Vitamin D3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$40MomentousWhey Protein Isolate - Flavor SeriesProtein supplements3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$42.99Transparent LabsGrass-Fed Whey Protein IsolateProtein supplements3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$64.99ThorneWhey Protein Isolate - VanillaProtein supplements3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$65Optimum Nutrition · powderGold Standard 100% Isolate Whey Protein powderProtein supplements3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$103.49Optimum Nutrition · powderMicronised Creatine PowderCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$14.99Optimum Nutrition · gummyCreatine [+]Creatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$16.99ProHealth Longevity · capsulePure Glycine - 1000 mg, 120 capsulesGlyNAC (glycine and NAC)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$19.95Optimum Nutrition · powderMicronized Creatine PowderCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$20.49ProHealth Longevity · capsulePure N-Acetyl Cysteine - 600 mg, 120 capsulesGlyNAC (glycine and NAC)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$22.95Vital ProteinsAdvanced Collagen Peptides + Creatine - UnflavoredCollagen peptides, Creatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$24.99Thorne · capsuleGlycineGlyNAC (glycine and NAC)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$31ThorneCreatine - Travel PacksCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$36ProHealth Longevity · capsuleGlycine + NAC PackGlyNAC (glycine and NAC)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$38.95MomentousCreatine - 90 ServingsCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$42.99ThorneCreatine - 90 ServingsCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$44ProHealth Longevity · powderLongevity Creatine Pure Powder - 450 gramsCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$49.95ProHealth Longevity · powderLongevity Collagen Complete Powder - 690 gramsGlyNAC (glycine and NAC)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$59.95Thorne · capsuleNAC - N-Acetylcysteine - 180 ServingsGlyNAC (glycine and NAC)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$63Elysium HealthCreatine+Creatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$70ThorneCreatine - 180 ServingsCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$84

Devices 4

Recent research

See all the latest research →

What others are writing

Recent articles from health journalists, hospitals and universities. We link to them; we don't write or endorse them.

health.harvard.edu · Julie Corliss · Aug 24, 2026

Testosterone therapy without evidence of deficiency may boost heart risk ↗

Testosterone therapy: A study found men using testosterone without low-testosterone diagnosis had higher heart problem and death risk than those treated for hypogonadism.

Cleveland Clinic · Jul 27, 2026

What You Need To Know About Protein Powder ↗

Protein supplements: The article explains how protein powder can fit different goals and compares common powder types such as whey, soy, and egg.

hsph.harvard.edu · Karen Feldscher · Jun 9, 2026

Moderate amount of strength training each week could boost longevity ↗

Strength training: A Harvard Chan study links 90 to 120 minutes of weekly strength training with a lower risk of early death.

Scientific American · Jackie Flynn Mogensen · Jun 9, 2026

Resistance training may boost longevity. But how much do you need? ↗

Strength training: The article says regular strength training may extend lifespan, and asks how much of it is needed for those benefits.

This is general information gathered from the sources listed, not medical advice. Talk to your doctor before starting anything new.